Osteochondrosis of the vertebral column, as a disease of the human species, or "disease of civilization", is associated with a franchise in which the load on the entire structure of the spine and intervertebral discs increases considerably.A modern and sedentary lifestyle only exacerbates the situation.It is unlikely that there is an adult who has not undergone manifestations of osteochondrosis in one form or another.For this reason, questions about how and the treatment of osteochondrosis do not lose their relevance.
Four -fifths of all back pain is caused by osteochondrosis.And from the point of view of expenses on its treatment, it is not lower than cardiovascular disease or flu.
Causes
By reaching the average age of a person in intervertebral discs, a vascular channel is formed, and therefore their nutrition occurs according to the principle of diffusion.This, in particular, complicates the regeneration of intervertebral discs after excessive or asymmetrical loads, as well as micro and macro.
The infusable or irrational food adds "oil to the fire" and the intervertebral cartilage, without receiving the necessary nutrients, begin to gradually lose strength and elasticity and deformation.
The exact causes of osteochondrosis, unfortunately, have not been established today, it is therefore generally accepted that it is a certain set of risk factors, in particular:
- Metabolic processes in the body;
- Genetic predisposition;
- Low physical development, violation of posture and flat feet, other disorders of the musculoskeletal system;
- Infectious diseases and poisoning;
- Microtrauma of the spine due to falls, cerebral vascular accidents, sudden movements and excessive loads, the same type of asymmetrical movements;
- Macro-trauma of the spine due to fractures and bruises;
- Incorrect nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and overweight, leading to a lack of liquid, vitamins and origin;
- Stressful conditions and smoking, leading to spasms and narrowing blood vessels;
- Weather conditions in which low temperature and high air humidity are observed.
There are many reasons for the development of osteochondrosis, and all of them are in one way or another, the result of the bad lifestyle, whose hostages are becoming more and more people of modern society.
Prevention of osteochondrosis
Obviously, the best prevention of osteochondrosis is rational nutrition and physical education, whose classes are presented:
- The morning self-massage of the lower back, back and members.
- Hygienic gymnastics with flying movements of the arms and legs, jumping in place, rotation of the head, classes on the horizontal bar.
- A five -minute physical education break in the workplace with a set of 7 to 9 exercises.
- Swim in the pool, especially on the back.
Of course, if the time of prevention is missed, this list of exercises should be extended with therapeutic exercises, which provide vertebral channel techniques.
The electrical supply of osteochondrosis should include a large amount of protein, with the exception of mushroom dishes, remains of animal fat butter, first dishes - mainly vegetarians, seconds of second - steam or in the oven, snacks - mainly floods, low -matter sauces, spices and spices - are welcome.The consumption of salt and saline products (herring, salmon, homework for winter), sugar, flour, butter and other confectionery, grapes and juice of this one, coffee and tea, alcohol and smoking are highly limited.
The mass of the daily diet should generally not exceed 2 kg, liquids - 1 liter and kilocalories - 2600 units.The daily diet is calculated for a frequent meal-5 to 7 meals a day.
If the analyzes show the absence of certain vitamins and trace elements, they are also prescribed.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
Depending on the location place, osteochondrosis can be:
- Cervical (25% of cases) - is accompanied by pain in the hands and shoulders, headache with an additional possible development of the vertebral artery syndrome, when the noise in the ears appears, the "flies" and the colored spots in front of the eyes, light dizziness occur.
- Thoracic spine, - pain occurs like a "stake" in the chest, the pain "pulls" in other organs: heart, lungs, stomach.
- Lombosacral column (50% of cases) - Pain in the lower back, which gives the legs, the sacrum, and sometimes in the groin, can be accompanied by syndromes of altered function and sensitivity of the muscles of the lower limbs.
- Common (12% of cases) - is a combination of osteochondrosis in the spine of several departments at the same timeAnd therefore - the most serious form of this disease.
In addition to painful pains in the corresponding parts of the spine, a feeling of ailments and numbness in the limbs, pain in various organs and muscles with osteochondosis of other symptoms: muscle cramps, reduction in freedom of movement and increased pain during cough or sneezing, additional charges and lively turns or inclinations.
A preliminary diagnosis is made on the basis of the above symptoms and the initial examination by a doctor who checks the patient's spine in various positions - lying, standing, seated - in the states of movement and rest, after the patient was sent to the material diagnosis in order to confirm and clarify or refute the diagnosis.The main types of spine study include MRI, computed tomography, radiography and ultrasound dopplerography of the main arteries of the brain.
It turns out that after an in -depth examination, related diseases are also detected, which are complications of osteochondrosis: hernia - spine and intervertebral, projection of the intervertebral, radiculite and cyphosis disc.
The quality of the diagnosis is of capital importance because many symptoms of osteochondosis are absolutely identical to the symptoms of other diseases, and the sources of pain can be both a vertebral root or a damaged intervertebral disc.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
But the diagnosis follows the treatment, which can be of two types -Conservative And Operational - Depending on the negligence and severity of the disease and the presence of internal resources to recovery, other indications and contraindications.
In a number of serious cases, it is impossible to do without surgery, in others, conservative treatment is justified.However, only highly qualified doctors can make the right choice, and sometimes their consultation.
With a conservative treatment, as well as a subsequent rehabilitation, a complete approach is necessary, which means the use of many methods of various sectors of medicine.Modern medicine in most cases reduces conservative treatment and two -things postoperative rehabilitation: pharmacotherapy and material treatment.At the same time, a total underestimation of the body's own resources is observed, the treatment is, so to speak, "in the absence" of the patient himself, as if the active participation of the patient in cure cannot occur.Such “passive” treatment and rehabilitation are always longer and sometimes unsuccessful.
At the same time, conservative treatment and postoperative rehabilitation should include several different methods, such as:
- Exercise therapy - Therapeutic gymnastics exercises;
- Isometric kinesiotherapy;
- Manual therapy;
- Reflexology;
- Underwater hydromassage;
- The treatment of unloading based on the elimination of the spine;
- Magneto, electric and vibro stimulation;
- Ultrasound and laser therapy;
- Therapeutic regime
- Psychotherapy;
- Drug therapy.
With the correct selection and combination of many therapeutic methods, drug treatment can be moved to the last place and has given it in a minimum volume or in the phases of exacerbation.
Courses with a psychologist in combination with exercise therapy forcing a person to believe in his own force and to take an active part in recovery or postoperative catering.
Manual and hydromassage, reflexology improve not only blood circulation, relieve pain syndromes, but also arouse the internal forces of the body.
The underestimation of the role of dietetics can minimize the effectiveness of drug treatment, as an individually selected diet allows you to saturate the cells of the body with nutrients, necessary trace elements and vitamins, preventing concomitant complications with other organs and without aggravating diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseaseand aggravated diseases gastrious by diabetes.
And, however, pharmacotherapy is always necessary, it generally includes several therapies:
- Anti-inflammatory;
- Antispasmodic;
- Antioxidant;
- Stimulation of blood microcirculation;
- Correction of psychosomatic disorders and prevention of degeneration of the cartilage fabric.
Thus, we will summarize: postoperative rehabilitation and conservative treatment of osteochondrosis in the special departments of state clinics in most cases deprives patients with complete recovery treatment, and such treatment at home adds several other problems.The fact is that trying to rehabilitate himself at home, the patient is at least confronted with the fact that:
- experiences a shortage of medical equipment - orthopedic beds, simulators, physiotherapy devices or simply the necessary space for physiotherapy exercises;
- He discovers incapacity for self-organization and self-discipline, which are the quintessence of recreational techniques: he cannot observe elementingly sleep regimes, awakening, drugs, the passage of medical procedures and nutrition for a long time.
- He feels a lack of dietetics and cooking skills that allow you to compose the recipe and choose the right day diet and distribute the day plan, whose violation can cancel the effectiveness of other health methods.
Thus, it is preferable to undergo recovery treatment in specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers specializing in complete rehabilitation and conservative treatment of osteochondrosis.